Divided into two volumes, this accessible work describes the principles involved in hard rock blasting as applied to open pit mines. Open pit mining at nchanga started in 1938, in the main nchanga open pit. Serious injuries and fatalities result from improper judgement or practice during rock blasting. The primer cartridge should be assembled at the worksite. This free online tool allows to combine multiple pdf or image files into a single pdf document. As an example, smaller drilling patterns were simulated 10 m x 10 m to 8 m x 8 m, and 8 m x 8 m to 7 m x 7 m in pit 5 and pit 6 respectively in combination with changes in. Presplitting is carried out in both transitional fig 2 and fresh rock fig 4. The transport of cap primers is hazardous and is against the regulation of most countries. Blasting injuries in surface mining with emphasis on flyrock and blast area security abstract problem. A case study is presented where a controlled blasting programme presplitting was adopted in an open pit copper mine in order to improve the stability of the resulting cut slopes. Blasting operations must, therefore, be closely controlled during all facets of. Understanding blast movement at ahafo gold mine in ghana.
Outstanding textbook designed for courses in surface mine design, open pit design, geological excavation engineering and in advanced open pit mine planning and design. The aim was to reduce over break and minimize damage to the final pit walls from production blasts. Application of computers and operations research in the minerals industries, south african institute of mining and metallurgy, 2003. Soda pdf merge tool allows you to combine two or more documents into a single pdf file for free. The estimated ocm block grades are then used in turn to design surface polygons or dig lines that. Wilkie creek mine has two active pits, namely a and b. Typically the drilling program will be based on 1 row of 212 to 3 inch diameter holes drilled with a grid spacing of approximately 212 feet to 4 feet along the ditch line. How has drone muck pile surveying been translated to a blasting value in use program. This reference may be obtained free of charge in adobe acrobat pdf format through the fhwa at the following.
In hard rock mining, blasting is the most productive excavation technique applied to fragment insitu rock to the required size for efficient. Modern openpit blasting practice transportation research board. Optimization of blasting design parameters on open pit. Coal mining accounts for twothirds of consumed explosives of which more than 80% of it is anfo. Just upload files you want to join together, reorder. Optimization of blasting design parameters on open pit bench a case study of nchanga open pits victor mwango bowa abstract. These operations not only affect the cost of production directly but as well and significantly, the overall operational costs. Mathis bhp billiton diamonds inc ursa engineering abstract double benching has been utilized as an excavation technique in open pit mines for many years. Presplit blasting is commonly practiced in open pit mines to create shear planes on in situ rock slope to ensure pit wall stability, and also protect nearby structures against blast damage. A case study examination of two blast rounds at a nevada gold mine. Presently, the application of new approaches such as artificial. Do removes the manual and subjective grade control processes employed by the majority of open pit operations, and replaces them with an automated, transparent, and repeatable process.
The first volume introduces basic engineering concepts and the building blocks that make up a blast design. Improving double bench face performance at the ekati diamond minetm site jody k. Charlie geotechnical branch division of research and laboratory services engineering and research center denver. Prediction of flyrock and backbreak in open pit blasting operation. A second bench is then excavated without the creation of a catch bench, i. Optimization of drilling and blasting operations in an. Open pitdrillingandblastingt synopsis byalanbauer,b. Jun 12, 2012 backbreak is an undesirable phenomenon in blasting operations.
This process involves drilling, blasting, and excavating the material for the design bench height. The use of presplitting allowed considerably higher benches to be adopted with much steeper overall slope. The buffer blasting is distributed at many open pit mines for the extraction of the ores of the ferrous and nonferrous metals sokolovsksarbaisk and kachkanarsk miningbeneficiating combined enterprises, and the kalmakyrsk open pit mine, the flux open pit mines within ukraine, and so on. Anatomy of an openpit mine blast posted by stop ajax mine on february 23rd, 2015 4. The objective of a blasting engineer in a mine is to generate a suitable muck pile having suitable size distribution of the rock that can be efficiently loaded, transported and milled singh et al. Presplit blasting presplit blasting is an effective technique for stabilizing the final wall in open pit metal mines. Technologies for optimizing drilling and blasting in openpit mines m. Blasting is the pillar of open pit mining and is directly influenced by many factors, both in design and terrain. Shotblasting is a method used to clean, strengthen peen or polish metal. Blasting principles for open pit mining, set of 2 volumes vol 1 william a. Nchanga open pit mines are located in chingola, in the copperbelt province of zambia. How has drone muck pile surveying been translated to a. A large number of examples illustrate the application of the principles. Technologies for optimizing drilling and blasting in openpit.
From the simulation results, it could be seen that a change of blast design could be beneficial. Open pit mine planning and design william a hustrulid. Presplitting is carried out in both transitional fig 2 and fresh rock fig 4, with trim blasting employed to further reduce the damage to the walls. It can cause instability of mine walls, falling down of machinery, improper fragmentation, reduced efficiency of drilling, etc. Blasting is the pillar of open pit mining and is directly influenced by many factors, both in design and terrain, and can influence much of the ultimate mine design and cost realization. For maximum profitability the development of the pit requires strict wall control blasting techniques to ensure the walls are both safe and cut to design angle. Visitor adiscussion ispresented oftheadvances thathavebeenmade inrotarydrilling recentyearsanditisindicated howandwhythese drills havereplaced percussive equipment eveninthehardest formations atlargerthan7in. Blasting involves the breaking of rocks using explosive. Create bulk boolean rules to cut or merge thousands of solids in one operation without error, cutting against topography and pit designs. Appendix j blasting protocol tim miller associates.
Blasting protocol stateline retail center february 2007 blasting is expected to be necessary at several locations along the southern boundary of the property, adjacent to interstate 84, for the construction of some of the several building pads on the property. Corner cut staggered blast patternsimultaneous initiation within rows. The stepbystep introduction to mine design and planning enables a fastpath approach to the matter by undergraduate and graduate students. The goal of efficient blasting can be achieved by investigating the relationship between blast design parameters and fragmentation.
Blasting injuries in surface mining with emphasis on flyrock. The blasting activities take place in pit b in a hard. Review of present practices used in predicting the effects of blasting on pore pressure by wayne a. The purpose of this blasting plan is to outline the steps that will be employed when conducting any blasting associated with tdinew englands tdine proposed new england clean power link project necpl. Break it better mine blast fragmentation international. In addition, the work can be used as a practical reference by professionals. Utilization of blast movement measurements in grade control. Optimization of blasting parameters in opencast mines. Optimization of blasting design parameters on open pit bench.
Grade control introduction for open pit mining operations in which ore and waste materials are intimately mixed within the orebody, accurate. You are all aware that mining is a major economic sector of any country. It is practiced most often in mining, quarrying and civil engineering such as dam, tunnel or road construction. Pilgrim pipeline project 3 appendix b blasting plan d. The use of presplitting allowed considerably higher benches to be adopted with much steeper overall slope angles. Blasting principles for open pit mining, set of 2 volumes. Improving double bench face performance at the ekati diamond minetm site. A case study examination of two blast rounds at a nevada. The blasting activities take place in pit b in a hard cap rock band and the fresh mudstonesiltstone greys areas.
The existence of various effective parameters and their unknown relationships are the main reasons for inaccuracy of the empirical models. Technologies for optimizing drilling and blasting in open pit mines m. Technologies for optimizing drilling and blasting in open. Prediction of backbreak in openpit blasting operations. History of explosives and blasting in the us and canada alone, blasters use more than 6 billion pounds of explosives and 75 million detonators per year. Open pit mine planning and design william a hustrulid, mark. Kemeny university of arizona, tucson, arizona, usa j. Break it better mine blast fragmentation international mining. More than a decade ago, nchanga open pit was the largest base metals open cut in the world. Optimization of drilling and blasting operations in an open. Primer is a unit of capsensitive explosive used to initiate other explosives or blasting agents. Segui julius kruttschnitt mineral research centre, australia. The excellent, userfriendly software guides the student through the planning and.
Hopkins engineering division, lawrence berkeley national laboratory, berkeley, california, usa j. Open pit metals integrated planning tools for open pit. Backbreak is an undesirable phenomenon in blasting operations. It is still among the top five largest open cuts in the world. A case study examination of two blast rounds at a nevada gold. This protocol is prepared as an outline specification for blasting operations as. Blasting is a primary means of extracting minerals and ores at surface mining operations. Rock fragmentation control in opencast blasting sciencedirect. Open pit mine planning and design, third edition mining.
Pdf merge combinejoin pdf files online for free soda pdf. An analysis and prevention of flyrock accidents in surface blasting. The stepbystep introduction to mine design and planning enables a fastpath approach to. Cast primers for blasting caps and detonating cord. Improving double bench face performance at the ekati. This paper utilizes case histories of blasting in australian open pit mines to demonstrate. A primer contains a detonator or other initiating device such as detonating cord. Colorado november 1 985 united states department of the interlor bureau of reclamation.
Open pit mining operations involving several small open pits began in 1981 queenstake, 2006. New gpsenabled applications have improved strata recognition capabilities that help drill and blast engineers develop more appropriate and more suitable blast designs. Blasting principles for open pit mining, set of 2 volumes crc press book. The landbased segments of the necpl that may involve blasting include. Improving double bench face performance at the ekati diamond. The dangerous goods safety explosives regulations 2007 are invoked in r. A case study is presented where a controlled blasting programme presplitting was adopted in an openpit copper mine in order to improve the stability of the resulting cut slopes. Utilization of blast movement measurements in grade control d. The end result is a set of dig block polygons which maximize value and minimize losses from a blast. Open pit mine planning and design is an excellent textbook for courses in surface mine design, open pit design, geological and excavation engineering, and in advanced open pit mine planning and design.
Blast optimization at kriel colliery j r n a scielo. Pdf prediction of flyrock and backbreak in open pit. Calculate mediumterm and longterm drill and blast values, such as powder factor or holes by length, using intuitive formula. Shot blasting is used in almost every industry that uses metal, including aerospace, automotive, construction, foundry, shipbuilding, rail, and many others. Pdf optimizing presplit blasting for environmental control. The system is currently being used by leading australian and international mining companies including. Modeling blast movement for grade control isaaks e, ph. Drilling and blasting is the controlled use of explosives and other methods such as gas pressure blasting pyrotechnics, to break rock for excavation. Open pit grade control generally entails the sampling and assaying of reverse circulation or blast hole cuttings followed by the estimation of ore control model ocm block grades. Wayne rogers, sarma s kanchibotla, alan tordoir, seth ako, eric engmann and bryon bisiaux. Drilling and blasting is required in open pit mining to fragment and loosen the insitu rock mass. In hard rock mining, blasting is the most productive excavation. Blasting is a hazardous component of surface mining.
Blasting principles for open pit mining, set of 2 volumes crc press book divided into two volumes, this accessible work describes the principles involved in hard rock blasting as applied to open pit mines. An ingredient in an explosive or blasting agent which supplies oxygen to combine with the fuel to form gas eous or. The most common blasting method in open pit mines and quarries is. Moore terrock consulting engineers pty ltd abstract effective control of airblast requires that significant factors be identified and satisfied by blast. Niosh researchers collected basic data from two blast rounds at the ssxsteer mine as a component of. A case study examination of two blast rounds at a nevada gold mine ed mchugh and joel warneke, national institute of occupational safety and health and cristian caceres, university of british columbia. Flyrock, arising from openpit blasting, still eludes rock excavation. Blasting injuries in surface mining with emphasis on. Over time, mine management becomes fully reliant upon their explosive suppliers, to the extent that all inhouse blasting expertise is permanently lost. As an example, smaller drilling patterns were simulated 10 m x 10 m to 8 m x 8 m, and 8 m x 8 m to 7 m x 7 m in pit 5 and pit 6. What are the kpis on other mining processes that must be kept to ensure an explosives value in use program is capable of being valued as responsible for the blasting outcomes and mines overall improvements. Our pdf merger allows you to quickly combine multiple pdf files into one single pdf document, in just a few clicks.
Pdf joiner allows you to merge multiple pdf documents and images into a single pdf file, free of charge. Airblast control techniques in open cut mines alan b. Jun 14, 2018 primer is a unit of capsensitive explosive used to initiate other explosives or blasting agents. The second volume goes into more depth to provide a better understanding of the. Some companies have even subcontracted all work functions at the mine and processing plant.
1536 985 708 346 951 639 465 698 634 519 25 159 563 1208 1178 196 600 481 92 523 1019 972 83 636 903 424 1290 728 1230 1210 611 50 1365 639 937 560 70 503 238 275 1458